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Linux command lines and administration
Download PuTTY untuk remote SSHs
1. ls
ls atau list directory contents, atau bisa diartikan ls adalah perintah untuk menampilkan isi daftar file dan direktori yang berada di dalam suatu direktori.
Informasi tentang file dan folder akan ditampilkan secara urut berdasarkan abjad jika tidak ada option spesifik -cftuvSUX atau –sort
Dengan perintah ls kita juga bisa melihat atribut apa saja terkait dengan file tersebut.
Contoh Penggunaan perintah ls

ls -lah akan menampilkan daftar panjang, termasuk file yang tersembunyi dan ukuran file yang dapat mudah dibaca dalam satuan KB, MB dan GB.
Opsi ls
yang sering digunakan
Option | Long Option | Description |
---|---|---|
-a | –all | Menampilkan semua file, termasuk file yang diawali dengan period (titik), jika dalam normalnya perintah ls tidak menampilkannya (misalnya, file yang tersembunyi). |
-A | –almost-all | Seperti opsi -a , tapi tidak menampilkan . (current directory) dan .. (parent directory). |
-d | –directory | Gunakan opsi ini bersama dengan opsi -l untuk melihat detail tentang direktori, hanya menampilkan daftar tipe direktori |
-F | –classify | Opsi ini akan menambahkan karakter indikator ke akhir setiap nama yang terdaftar. Misalnya, / jika namanya adalah direktori. |
-h | –human-readable | Menampilkan format ukuran file yang dapat dibaca dengan mudah daripada byte, gunakan bersama dengan -l |
-l | Menampilkan hasil dalam satu format panjang kebawah | |
-r | –reverse | Menampilkan dalam urutan terbalik dari normalnya ls menampilkan urutan abjad a-z |
-S | Urutkan hasil berdasarkan ukuran file. | |
-t | Urutkan hasil berdasarkan waktu modifikasi |
Sumber :
https://idnetter.com/ls/
2. DATE
melihat tanggal
3. fILE sYSTEM
Perintah :
ade@ade _server:$ /var/www# ls
ade@ade _server:$ /var/www# cd /
ade@ade _server:$ # ls
ade@ade _server:$ /# cd bin
ade@ade _server:$ /bin# ls
ade@ade _server:$ /bin# cd /dev
ade@ade _server:$ /dev# ls
ade@ade _server:$ /dev# cd /etc
ade@ade _server:$ /etc# ls
ade@ade _server:$ /etc# cat host.conf
ade@ade _server:$ /etc# vi host.conf
ade@ade _server:$ /etc# vi host
ade@ade _server:$ /etc# vi group
ade@ade _server:$ /etc# cd /lib
ade@ade _server:$ /lib# ls
ade@ade _server:$ /lib# cd modules
ade@ade _server:$ /lib/modules# ls
ade@ade _server:$ /lib/modules# clear
ade@ade _server:$ /lib/modules# clear
ade@ade _server:$ /lib/modules# cd /boot
ade@ade _server:$ /boot# cd /home
ade@ade _server:$ /home# ls
ade@ade _server:$ /home# cd alaa
ade@ade _server:$ /home/alaa# ls
ade@ade _server:$ /home/alaa# cd /mnt
ade@ade _server:$ /mnt# ls
ade@ade _server:$ /mnt# cd /usr
ade@ade _server:$ /usr# cd sbin
ade@ade _server:$ /usr/sbin# ls
ade@ade _server:$ /usr/sbin# cd /var
ade@ade _server:$ /var# ls
ade@ade _server:$ /var# cd www
ade@ade _server:$ /var/www# ls
ade@ade _server:$ /var/www# cd public_html
ade@ade _server:$ /var/www/public_html# ls
6 . FILE command
ade@ade _server:$ /var/www/public_html# ls
ade@ade _server:$ /var/www/public_html# cd jalboosh.com
ade@ade _server:$ /var/www/public_html/ jalboosh.com# ls
ade@ade _server:$ /var/www/public_html/ jalboosh.com# cat index.php
ade@ade _server:$ /var/www/public_html/ jalboosh.com# ls
ade@ade _server:$ /var/www/public_html/ jalboosh.com# cd /view
ade@ade _server:$ /var/www/public_html/ jalboosh.com/view # cd . ./
ade@ade _server:$ /var/www/public_html/ jalboosh.com# cp index.php view
ade@ade _server:$ /var/www/public_html/ jalboosh.com# cd view
ade@ade _server:$ /var/www/public_html/ jalboosh.com/view# ls
ade@ade _server:$ /var/www/public_html/ jalboosh.com/view# file index.php
ade@ade _server:$ /var/www/public_html/ jalboosh.com/view# rm index.php
ade@ade _server:$ /var/www/public_html/ jalboosh.com/view# ls
ade@ade _server:$ /var/www/public_html/ jalboosh.com/view# head newsletter.php
ade@ade _server:$ /var/www/public_html/ jalboosh.com/view# ls
ade@ade _server:$ /var/www/public_html/ jalboosh.com/view# clear
ade@ade _server:$ /var/www/public_html/ jalboosh.com/view# less newsletter.php
ade@ade _server:$ /var/www/public_html/ jalboosh.com/view# ls
ade@ade _server:$ /var/www/public_html/ jalboosh.com/view# cat vertical.php
ade@ade _server:$ /var/www/public_html/ jalboosh.com/view# head vertical.php
ade@ade _server:$ /var/www/public_html/ jalboosh.com/view# less vertical.php
ade@ade _server:$ /var/www/public_html/ jalboosh.com/view# more vertical.php
ade@ade _server:$ /var/www/public_html/ jalboosh.com/view# mkdir alaa
ade@ade _server:$ /var/www/public_html/ jalboosh.com/view# ls
ade@ade _server:$ /var/www/public_html/ jalboosh.com/view# mv kgPager.php /var/www/public_html/ jalboosh.com
ade@ade _server:$ /var/www/public_html/ jalboosh.com/view# cd . . /
ade@ade _server:$ /var/www/public_html/ jalboosh.com/# ls
ade@ade _server:$ /var/www/public_html/ jalboosh.com/# mv kgPager.php view
ade@ade _server:$ /var/www/public_html/ jalboosh.com/# cd view
ade@ade _server:$ /var/www/public_html/ jalboosh.com/view# ls
ade@ade _server:$ /var/www/public_html/ jalboosh.com/view# rmdir alaa
ade@ade _server:$ /var/www/public_html/ jalboosh.com/view# ls
ade@ade _server:$ /var/www/public_html/ jalboosh.com/view# clear
ade@ade _server:$ /var/www/public_html/ jalboosh.com/view# ls
ade@ade _server:$ /var/www/public_html/ jalboosh.com/view# pwd /var/www/public_html/ jalboosh.com/view
ade@ade _server:$ /var/www/public_html/ jalboosh.com/view# touch a.php
ade@ade _server:$ /var/www/public_html/ jalboosh.com/view# ls
ade@ade _server:$ /var/www/public_html/ jalboosh.com/view# rm a.php
7. help
ade@ade _server:$ /var/www/public_html# clear
ade@ade _server:$ /var/www/public_html# wget -help
ade@ade _server:$ /var/www/public_html# whatis wget
ade@ade _server:$ /var/www/public_html# whatis date
8. combining commands
ade@ade _server:$ /var/www/public_html# ls
ade@ade _server:$ /var/www/public_html# cd jailboosh.com
ade@ade _server:$ /var/www/public_html/jailboosh.com# ls
ade@ade _server:$ /var/www/public_html/jailboosh.com# cd svn
ade@ade _server:$ /var/www/public_html/svn/jailboosh.com# ls
ade@ade _server:$ /var/www/public_html/svn/jailboosh.com# cd . ./
ade@ade _server:$ /var/www/public_html/jailboosh.com# cd svn && rm uploader.php
ade@ade _server:$ /var/www/public_html/jailboosh.com/svn# ls
ade@ade _server:$ /var/www/public_html/jailboosh.com/svn# touch alss.txt
ade@ade _server:$ /var/www/public_html/jailboosh.com/svn# ls
ade@ade _server:$ /var/www/public_html/jailboosh.com/svn# touch hree.txt
ade@ade _server:$ /var/www/public_html/jailboosh.com/svn# cd . ./
ade@ade _server:$ /var/www/public_html/jailboosh.com# cd svn && rm alss.txt && cp hree.php . ./
ade@ade _server:$ /var/www/public_html/jailboosh.com/svn# touch hree.txt
9. Alias
ade@ade _server:$ /var/www/public_html/jailboosh.com# date
ade@ade _server:$ /var/www/public_html/jailboosh.com # alias tarih=’date’
10. Match
ade@ade _server:$ /var/www/public_html/jailboosh.com/svn# touch file.txt;
ade@ade _server:$ /var/www/public_html/jailboosh.com/svn# touch file44.txt;
ade@ade _server:$ /var/www/public_html/jailboosh.com/svn# touch file34.txt;
ade@ade _server:$ /var/www/public_html/jailboosh.com/svn# touch file3.txt;
ade@ade _server:$ /var/www/public_html/jailboosh.com/svn# mkdir copied
ade@ade _server:$ /var/www/public_html/jailboosh.com/svn# ls
ade@ade _server:$ /var/www/public_html/jailboosh.com/svn# cp file* copied
ade@ade _server:$ /var/www/public_html/jailboosh.com/svn# cd copied
ade@ade _server:$ /var/www/public_html/jailboosh.com/svn/cd copied# ls
ade@ade _server:$ /var/www/public_html/jailboosh.com/svn/cd copied# rm file*
ade@ade _server:$ /var/www/public_html/jailboosh.com/svn/cd copied# ls
ade@ade _server:$ /var/www/public_html/jailboosh.com/svn/cd copied# cd . ./
ade@ade _server:$ /var/www/public_html/jailboosh.com/svn# ls
11. User
ade@ade _server:$ /# less /etc/passswd
ade@ade _server:$ /# ls
ade@ade _server:$ /# whoami
ade@ade _server:$ /# ls
ade@ade _server:$ /# cd var
ade@ade _server:$ /var# ls
ade@ade _server:$ /var# cd www
ade@ade _server:$ /var/www# ls
ade@ade _server:$ /var/www# cd public_html
ade@ade _server:$ /var/www# cd public_html
ade@ade _server:$ /var/www/public_html# cd 3lany.com
ade@ade _server:$ /var/www# cd public_html/3lany.com# ls – l
ade@ade _server:$ /var/www# cd public_html/3lany.com#
12. apache
ade@ade _server:$ /# apt-get install apache
ade@ade _server:$ /# /etc/init.d/apache2.service.
ade@ade _server:$ /# /etc/init.d/apache2 restart
ade@ade _server:$ /# /etc/init.d/apache2 stop
ade@ade _server:$ /# /etc/init.d/apache2 start
ade@ade _server:$ /# cd /etc
ade@ade _server:$ /etc# ls
ade@ade _server:$ /etc# cd apache2
ade@ade _server:$ /etc/apache2# ls
ade@ade _server:$ /etc/apache2# cd sites-available
ade@ade _server:$ /etc/apache2/sites-available# ls
ade@ade _server:$ /etc/apache2/sites-available# vi etechy.com.conf
ade@ade _server:$ /etc/apache2/sites-available# cd /
ade@ade _server:$ /# apt-get install -y nodejs
ade@ade _server:$ / # nodejs – v